What+are+our+'Key+Terms+&+Concepts'

= Choose three key terms and concepts from the list below and add an example from our studies. =

= = anarchism an ideology that argues a society can be run without rules or a government and that the abolition of these things will lead to freedom, autocracy absolute rule or government by one person capitalism an economic system that encourages individuals to make profits through investments and the private ownership of goods, property and the means of production, distribution and exchange case studies case studies are inquiry-based investigations into key features, issues, individuals, groups, events or concepts in modern history. They are oriented towards the problems and issues of investigating the past. Case studies in the Preliminary course are intended to provide students with opportunities to: ·  study the various ways in which historians perceive, investigate, record and construct the past, the types of questions they ask, the explanations they give and the issues they raise ·  understand, question, analyse and interpret sources. collectivisation the socialist policy of joining together small farms and other enterprises under group or state ownership communism a theory or system of social organisation promoting shared ownership of property and the means of production by the community as a whole or the state containment a specific US Cold War foreign policy aimed at limiting the spread of communism decolonisation the process of colonies being freed from imperial rule through their own initiatives or the granting of self-government democracy society based on the idea of equality where the government is run by the people or their freely elected representatives evidence the information that tends to prove or disprove a conclusion. It can be used to establish a fact or to support an argument //Guomindang// nationalist political party in China that became the government from 1927 to 1949 historiography the study of how history is constructed. It involves the critical analysis and evaluation of the reliability of evidence, as well as the way history has been written in the past ideology a framework of beliefs that guides actions imperialism where one country possesses, governs or controls other countries beyond its own borders industrialisation the process of moving towards large-scale mechanised industry, usually accompanied by urbanisation, rather than agriculture, crafts and trading internationalism the promotion of the belief in global cooperation rather than national rivalry interpretation a way of understanding and explaining what has happened in the past. The discipline of history acknowledges that there is often more than one view of what has happened in the past isolationism a view in American foreign policy that argues that the best interests of the United States lay in avoiding international entanglements liberal democracy a form of democracy where majority rule is underpinned by liberal rights such as freedom of speech, assembly and religious beliefs, and the right to private property, privacy and due legal process liberalism commitment to individual freedoms such as freedom of trade, speech, press, association and religion Maoism an ideology expounded by Mao Zedong in China that emphasised the revolutionary role of the peasants in achieving communism Marxism a political and economic theory developed by Karl Marx and Frederick Engles that called for the abolition of private property and emphasised the role of the state in providing work and benefits for all leading eventually to a socialist order and a classless society militarism the belief that strong armed forces, discipline and obedience will solve political and social problems modernisation the process of becoming modern, accepting change and modern values nationalism the promotion of the interests of one’s own nation above all others national sovereignty supreme and independent power or authority that is claimed by a state or cultural or ethnic group pan-nationalism nationalism that crosses national borders perspective a point of view or standpoint from which historical events, problems and issues can be analysed, eg a gender perspective (either masculine or feminine) on the past proletariat the working or unpropertied class who rely on the sale of their labour for an income revolution sudden and radical change in society; a complete overthrow of an established government or political system socialism a system where wealth, land and property are owned and controlled by the community as a whole rather than being privately owned source any written or non-written material that can be used to investigate the past. A source becomes ‘evidence’ (see above) when it is used to support or refute a position Stalinism a system of government originating in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin totalitarianism system of government where the state seeks to gain complete control over its citizens and does not recognise or tolerate parties of differing opinion urbanisation a process, usually accompanied by industrialisation, where people move from traditional life in the countryside to towns and cities